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| INTRODUCTION |
| Beatriz: Buen día, soy Bea. |
| Joseph: Joseph here. “Future tense, recap.” |
| Beatriz: Sean bienvenidos. |
| Joseph: Bea and Joseph back again for another edition of the Verb Conjugation Series. |
| Beatriz: La decimoquinta. |
| Joseph: The 15th lesson of the series, which focuses on the usage and formation of verbs in Spanish, coming to you, on demand, from Spanishpod101.com . |
| Beatriz: Hola amigos, ¿cómo están todos? Hola Jo, ¿qué tal? |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Joseph: Todo bien, que todos sean muy bienvenidos. Now, today, amiga mía, we have another recap lesson. |
| Beatriz: ¿Otra? |
| Joseph: Si, otra. Today, we’re going to look back at the last four lessons, which have centered around the future tense of the indicative mood, and its various usages and formations. |
| Beatriz: O sea, lo que quieres decir es que al terminar la lección de hoy ya habremos acabado dos tiempos verbales. |
| Joseph: ¡Así es! You got it. By the end of this lesson, we’ll have finished off two tenses. |
| Beatriz: ¿Y cuales son esos tiempos que ya estamos por terminar? |
| Joseph: Well, we’re about to finish the present and the future tense. And we’ve studied both of these in the indicative mood, which is the mood of statements where actions are expressed as real. |
| Beatriz: And what were the usages that we saw with the future tense? |
| Joseph: Con el tiempo futuro, we saw that it can express a future action independent of any other action. We also saw how it can be used as a command replacing the imperative mood. We also saw how it can be used to express probability, and, last time, how it can express our surprise, and exclamations, and questions. |
| Beatriz: Wow, that’s a lot! |
| Joseph: Which is exactly why we’re going to review what we’ve covered, so as to be sure that all the concepts thus far discussed are clear. |
| Beatriz: Que sean nítidos. |
| Joseph: Crystal clear. |
| Beatriz: Claros como el cristal. |
| Joseph: So, before we move on to the review of these usages, remember that these podcasts are designed to be used in tandem with the premium audio and language tools in the learning center at Spanishpod101.com. And if you’re not already a premium subscriber, stop by Spanishpod101.com, pick up a free 7-day trial and see for yourself what it’s all about. |
| Beatriz: Repasemos las últimas cuatro lecciones. |
| Joseph: Time to go over what we‘ve covered in the last four lessons. |
| Beatriz: Muy bien. ¿Por dónde te gustaría empezar, Joseph? |
| Joseph: Empecemos con la undécima. In the 11th lesson of this series, we looked at the future tense of the indicative mood and saw how it was originally constructed - with the verb in the infinitive and then the verb “haber” conjugated to the present of the indicative mood. |
| Beatriz: So, in old Spanish “cantar” and then “he”, and now, in modern Spanish, “cantaré” – “I will sing.” |
| Joseph: Exactly. The sense of obligation that came along with that old usage has been lost, and now it expresses a simple future action. |
| Beatriz: “Te llamaré más tarde”. |
| Joseph: “I will call you later.” |
| Beatriz: “Estaré de vacaciones”. |
| Joseph: “I’ll be on vacation.” |
| Beatriz: “Me comunicaré con mi colega dentro de poco”. |
| Joseph: “I'll be in touch with my co-workers shortly.” Along with this usage, we also learnt the regular forms for the three conjugations. |
| Beatriz: And then, in lesson 12... |
| Joseph: Well, let me give you an example, of what we studied in lesson 12 and you’ll tell me if you remember what the usage was. |
| Beatriz: A ver... |
| Joseph: “Regresarás a una hora razonable”. |
| Beatriz: Parece el tiempo futuro del modo indicativo cuando reemplaza el modo imperativo. |
| Joseph: ¡Eso! We’re looking here at the future tense of the indicative mood, when it is used to replace the imperative mood. |
| Beatriz: Otro ejemplo: “No saldrás esta noche”. |
| Joseph: “You will not go out tonight.” |
| Beatriz: Otro más: “Caminarás directamente a la casa”. |
| Joseph: “You will walk straight home.” |
| Beatriz: Y para asegurarnos que quede claro, “¡comerás todas las verduras!”. |
| Joseph: Right, right. “You will eat all your vegetables!” So, you see that it’s a command here, even though it’s in the future tense of the indicative mood and not the imperative mood. So then, in lesson 13, we learnt about the future tense and the expression of “la posibilidad” – “possibility”. |
| Beatriz: Right, one of the ideas of assumption, conjecture and irresolution are all in play. |
| Joseph: This usage is kind of stylized. I mean, check this out - “¿Quién estará en la puerta?”, “Who might be at the door?” |
| Beatriz: Right, or again, “costará unos 30 dólares”. |
| Joseph: “It’s going to run you around $30.” And to really show the nuance of this usage, look at the way that we can speculate about someone's age. “Ese chico tendrá unos 20 años” - “That guy must be about 20 years old.” |
| Beatriz: And, last time, what did we look at? |
| Joseph: We studied the future of surprise. |
| Beatriz: ¡La sorpresa! |
| Joseph: Así es, la sorpresa. |
| Beatriz: I’ve got an example. |
| Joseph: A ver... |
| Beatriz: “¿Será posible lo que me cuentas?” |
| Joseph: Right, right. “Could what you telling me be true?” or “Could what you tell me be possible?” It’s a great one. Now, here, we give astonishment surprise or uneasiness to the expression. We remember that we also looked at example, “Esa criatura qué mal se comportará”, “That child behaves so poorly.” |
| Beatriz: Yeah. Another one is “¡qué será de mí!”. |
| Joseph: Exactly. It’s a great one. Literally, this means, “What will be of me?” But by this we mean, “What will become of me? What will happen to me?” |
| Beatriz: Entonces, amigos, ya pueden ver que el tiempo futuro del modo indicativo puede usarse de cuatro distintas maneras. |
| Joseph: And these four different usages that the future tense of the indicative mood has really bring out the expressiveness of the Spanish verbal system. I mean look at the different modal verbs that we have to add in English, while in Spanish we still just conjugating the verb to the future tense. It looks the same, and it is the context which tell us the usage of [inaudible 06:32] |
| Beatriz: A continuación estudiaremos la formación verbal. |
| Joseph: This is where we show you exactly how verbs are formed. If you are following along on the PDF, check out the grammar point for the conjugations. |
| Beatriz: Today, we have the verbs “saber”, “caber” y “querer”. |
| Joseph: “Saber”, “caber” y “querer”. “To know”, “to fit” and “to want”. With the verb “saber”, just like we’ll see for the verb “caber”, we form the future indicative by removing the letter “e” from the infinitive ending, and adding the personal endings, which we always use for this tense, “-é”, “-ás”,”-á”, “-emos”, “-éis”, “-án”. So, Bea, let’s start with the verb “saber”. |
| Beatriz: All right, “saber”. |
| Joseph: “To know.” |
| Beatriz: “Yo sabré”. |
| Joseph: “I will know.” |
| Beatriz: “Tú sabrás”. |
| Joseph: “You will know.” |
| Beatriz: “Él sabrá”. |
| Joseph: “He will know.” |
| Beatriz: “Nosotros sabremos”. |
| Joseph: “We will know.” |
| Beatriz: “Vosotros sabréis”. |
| Joseph: “You all will know.” |
| Beatriz: “Ellos sabrán”. |
| Joseph: “They will know.” Great. And how about a couple of examples? |
| Beatriz: Okay, “yo todo lo sabré”. |
| Joseph: “I will know everything.” How about another? |
| Beatriz: “¿Quién lo sabrá?” |
| Joseph: And that’s like saying, “Who might know it? Who might know?” So, notice, “sabrá”, not “saberá”. No, you have to remove that vowel “e”. “¿Quién sabrá?” “¿Quién lo sabrá?” |
| Beatriz: “Sabrás, pues, que el otro día fui al mercado y me encontré con Marta”. |
| Joseph: “Sabrás pues” It’s like saying, “I’ll have you know that the other day I went to the market, and I ran into Martha.” And now let’s move on to the verb “caber”. So, with “caber” we’re going to see the same formation as we saw with “saber”. All we need to do is remove that vowel “e” from the infinitive endings so that “r” moves over. And then you add the endings that we always use for the future tense of the indicative mood. So, Bea, let’s run through this example, and let’s really think about what we just heard with the verb “saber”. Ready? |
| Beatriz: Yeah, ready. “Caber”. |
| Joseph: “To fit.” |
| Beatriz: “Yo cabré”. |
| Joseph: “I will fit.” |
| Beatriz: “Tú cabrás”. |
| Joseph: “You will fit.” |
| Beatriz: “Él cabrá”. |
| Joseph: “He will fit.” |
| Beatriz: “Nosotros cabremos”. |
| Joseph: “We will fit.” |
| Beatriz: “Vosotros cabréis”. |
| Joseph: “You all will fit.” |
| Beatriz: “Ellos cabrán”. |
| Joseph: “They will fit.” Great. And this is a good word to know, “caber”. How about a couple of examples with it? |
| Beatriz: All right. [unintelligible 00:09:07] where normally five people fit, and you want to fit more people. You go to a party, let’s say. And I say to someone in the back of the car, “yo cabré muy bien en medio de los dos”. |
| Joseph: Okay, that’s a good one. So, “yo cabré muy bien en medio de los dos”, “I will fit very well between the two of you.” All right? On to the verb “querer”. Now, with “querer” we have an interesting irregular formation here. Because we’re putting the stress on the last syllable of most of these forms. Right? It’s not the case with “querremos” but with all the other forms. We have to add a second “r”. So, what we do is we remove the “e” from the ending in the infinitive. And that gives us the “erre” instead of the “ere”. Right? It gives us the double “r” sound. And having that double “r” sound allows us to pronounce that accent in the ending of the future tense. So, Bea, let’s go through this, and then we’ll give some examples afterwards. |
| Beatriz: Okay, “querer”. |
| Joseph: “To want.” |
| Beatriz: “Yo querré”. |
| Joseph: “I will want.” |
| Beatriz: “Tú querrás”. |
| Joseph: “You will want.” |
| Beatriz: “Él querrá”. |
| Joseph: “He will want.” |
| Beatriz: “Nosotros querremos”. |
| Joseph: “We will want.” |
| Beatriz: “Vosotros querréis”. |
| Joseph: “You all will want. “ |
| Beatriz: “Ellos querrán”. |
| Joseph: “They will want.” All right. So, again, you hear that “erre” sound, that double “r”, “querrán”, right? It’s not “querán”, it’s “querrán” because there’s that double “r”. So, how about a couple of examples with this, Bea? |
| Beatriz: “Yo querré que me quieras”. |
| Joseph: Ah, great. So, you see it there twice. And here, with that example, you bring out the double meaning of “querer”. We translate it here as “to want”, but it also means “to love”. “Yo querré que me quieras”. “I will want you to love me.” |
| Beatriz: “En el avión tú querrás dormir”. |
| Joseph: Right. ”On the plane you will want to sleep.” |
| Beatriz: “Ellos querrán estar tranquilos”. |
| Joseph: “They will want to be relaxed.” “Tranquilos”, “relaxed”, “cool”, “without a worry”. |
Outro |
| Joseph: Muy bien amiga mía, se acabó la fiesta. That’s all the time we have for today. |
| Beatriz: All right, amigos. Ha sido un gusto. |
| Joseph: Sí, ha sido un gusto para mi también. |
| Beatriz: Hasta la próxima. |
| Joseph: Gracias por acompañarnos y ya nos estamos viendo. |
| Beatriz: Bye, bye! |
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