Learn future tense and how it can be used to give commands
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Beatriz: Buen día, soy Beatriz. |
| Joseph: Joseph here. “Future of Command.” |
| Beatriz: Muy bienvenidos, ¿cómo están todos? |
| Joseph: ¿Qué tal? Bienvenidos. ¿Cómo estás Beatriz? |
| Beatriz: Muy bien, aquí pues. Con ganas de empezar. |
| Joseph: Bueno, empecemos. |
| Beatriz: Welcome to the Verb Conjugation Series at Spanishpod101.com. |
| Joseph: This is the place where we show you what’s what with the usage information of verbs in Spanish. |
| Beatriz: Last time we looked at the Future Tense for the first time. |
| Joseph: Right. For the first time in these series, but this tense came up a number of times in other lessons, too. Like, for example, in Beginner Lessons 21 and 22. |
| Beatriz: Right. And also in Beginner Lessons 9, 10, 11 and 12. |
| Joseph: Right. So, you’ll definitely want to check those out after listening to this episode. |
| Beatriz: Joseph. |
| Joseph: Yes. |
| Beatriz: I know we’re looking at the Future Tense… |
| Joseph: Right. |
| Beatriz: But, what’s the usage that we’re going to cover? |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Joseph: Well, today, Bea, we’re going to be looking at how the Future Tense of the Indicative Mood can be used to express a command. |
| Beatriz: O sea, estudiaremos el tiempo futuro cuando tiene un valor de mandato. |
| Joseph: Así es, señorita. |
| Beatriz: Okay, ¿y en qué verbos nos enfocaremos hoy día? |
| Joseph: Which verbs are we going to focus on today? |
| Beatriz: Así es. |
| Joseph: Do I tell her or don’t I? |
| Beatriz: ¡Habla, habla! |
| Joseph: Let’s look at the verb “salir” – “to leave”, “tener” – “to have” and “hacer” – “to do” or “to make”. |
| Beatriz: Son verbos irregulares. |
| Joseph: They are irregular verbs. As we’ll see, the irregular patterns for the Future Tense are not very difficult at all. And I guarantee by the end of this lesson we’ll all have a better understanding of how to form them and how to use them. |
| Beatriz: Shall we begin? |
| Joseph: Yes, but before we do, I just want to let everyone know that if they stop by Spanishpod101.com they can check out the feature called “My feed”. This is a way to subscribe to which every kind of lessons you want right from our webpage. It’s a great way to catalogue this lessons on your computer or iPod. |
| Beatriz: Muy bien. |
| Joseph: All right. Let’s have at it. |
| Beatriz: Entonces, el futuro con valor de mandato. |
| Joseph: Claro. To get started, let me ask you. How would you translate the following sentence: “Do as I say”? |
| Beatriz: “Hazlo como te digo”. |
| Joseph: “Hazlo como te digo”. And this sentence expresses what the speaker wants to listener to do, right? |
| Beatriz: Bueno, en pocas palabras, sí. |
| Joseph: Okay. Beatriz, hazlo como te digo. |
| Beatriz: Tú también. |
| Joseph: And when a verb expresses this kind of desire, I mean when the speaker is obligating the listener or the addressee, what do we call this kind of expression? |
| Beatriz: Decimos que es un mandato. |
| Joseph: Right, “un mandato” – “a command”. And what’s the verb that expresses this desire? |
| Beatriz: “Hazlo”. |
| Joseph: Right, “hazlo”. And this verb has the direct object pronoun “lo”, which means the literal translation of this expression would be “Do it as I say.”. |
| Beatriz: Claro, hazlo como te digo. Ya sabes. |
| Joseph: Cómo lo sé... And what’s the mood of the verb “haz”? |
| Beatriz: Está en modo imperativo. |
| Joseph: The Imperative Mood. And is this command formal or informal? |
| Beatriz: It’s informal. It’s addressing you. |
| Joseph: Okay. So, it’s addressing the second person, singular “you”, the “tú”, “you” for to speak. |
| Beatriz: Así es. |
| Joseph: And now, let’s switch it up. How would we say “You will do it”, again informally? |
| Beatriz: That will be “lo harás”. |
| Joseph: “Lo harás”. So, if I plug that into our example I get “lo harás como te digo”. |
| Beatriz: Claro, es otra manera de expresar el mismo mandato. Here you have to do exactly as I say. Exactly. |
| Joseph: So, this is another way of expressing the same command. But, now, the mood isn’t Imperative, is it? |
| Beatriz: No, it’s not. |
| Joseph: Well, what is it then? |
| Beatriz: It’s Indicative. |
| Joseph: Indicative! And what about the tense? |
| Beatriz: It’s in the Future. |
| Joseph: Yes, it still has the value of a command? |
| Beatriz: Yes. |
| Joseph: How about another example? |
| Beatriz: Well, we could say “no saldrás esta noche”. |
| Joseph: Pero quiero salir esta noche. |
| Beatriz: ¡Te digo que no! |
| Joseph: Okay. “No saldrás esta noche”. That’s like saying “You will not go out tonight.” This time, what’s the verb that’s conveying the command? |
| Beatriz: Here is the verb “saldrás”. |
| Joseph: I see. And this is kind of like a negative command, no? “No saldrás”. |
| Beatriz: You’re right. |
| Joseph: So, we can say that the Future Tense of the Indicative Mood can be used to take the place of the Imperative Mood. |
| Beatriz: Especialmente, en la segunda persona singular. |
| Joseph: Especially, in the second person singular. |
| Beatriz: Y en particular, para expresar una prohibición. |
| Joseph: In particularly, to express prohibition. |
| Beatriz: Ahora, estudiemos la formación. |
| Joseph: Yes, formation. This is where we go through the paradigms to show you how you can form verbs in this tense and mood: the Future Indicative. |
| Beatriz: Entonces, los dos verbos, “salir” y “tener”, son irregulares. |
| Joseph: The verb “salir” and “tener” are both irregular, but they share a common pattern in the Future Indicative. |
| Beatriz: How would you explain this pattern? |
| Joseph: Last time we learned that for regular verbs in the Future Indicative we simply add the ending of the verb “haber” from the Present Indicative to the complete Infinitive form. So, for example, from “comer” – “to eat” we get “comeré” – “I will eat”. Here, with the irregular verb “salir”, we’re going to replace the vowel “i” of the Infinitive with the letter “d”, and then add that same ending. So, not “saliré” which would be incorrect, but “saldré”. Bea, shall we run through the paradigm? |
| Beatriz: Sure, let’s go. “Salir”. |
| Joseph: “To leave.” |
| Beatriz: “Yo saldré”. |
| Joseph: “I will leave.” |
| Beatriz: “Tú saldrás”. |
| Joseph: “You will leave.” |
| Beatriz: “Él saldrá”. |
| Joseph: “He will leave.” |
| Beatriz: “Nosotros saldremos”. |
| Joseph: “We will leave.” |
| Beatriz: “Vosotros saldréis”. |
| Joseph: “You all will leave.” |
| Beatriz: “Ellos saldrán”. |
| Joseph: “They will leave.” And, Bea, how about a couple of examples of the verb “salir” in the Future Tense of the Indicative Mood? |
| Beatriz: Okay. A ver, por ejemplo, “Yo saldré temprano”. |
| Joseph: “Yo saldré temprano” – “I’ll leave early.” |
| Beatriz: Yes. Pretty optimistic. |
| Joseph: Pretty optimistic? Okay. How about another one? |
| Beatriz: “Tú saldrás de esta”. |
| Joseph: That’s a good one because it shows how “salir” can also mean “to get out”. |
| Beatriz: “Tu saldrás de esta”. Significa “saldrás de esta dificultad”. |
| Joseph: Right, right. So, that’s like saying “You’ll get out of this” or “You’ll get out of this one.”. |
| Beatriz: Yes. A good expression. “Él saldrá acompañado”. |
| Joseph: That means that “He will leave accompanied”, “He will leave with someone.” |
| Beatriz: Por ejemplo, “Pepe saldrá de la fiesta con una chica”. |
| Joseph: “Pepe will leave the party with a girl.” “De la fiesta” dijiste, no? |
| Beatriz: Yes. O “a la fiesta”, “saldrá a la fiesta” o “de la fiesta”, por ejemplo. |
| Joseph: Okay. Or “Pepe will go to the party with a girl.” |
| Beatriz: Yes. |
| Joseph: First one sounds better. |
| Beatriz: Okay. |
| Joseph: All right. |
| Beatriz: “Nosotros saldremos por la puerta trasera”. |
| Joseph: “We will leave through the backdoor.” |
| Beatriz: Yes. For example, when you don’t want to say goodbye to everybody, you know, it’s like too much people… |
| Joseph: Te escapas. |
| Beatriz: Yes. |
| Joseph: Okay. |
| Beatriz: Te vas por la sombrita. |
| Joseph: Okay. All right. |
| Beatriz: “Vosotros saldréis aventajados de la competencia ya que estáis mejor preparados”. |
| Joseph: Okay. So, that’s like saying “You will come out” or yes, it’s not really “You will go out”, but, or “You will leave”, but “You will come out on top since you’re better prepared than the competition.” |
| Beatriz: That’s right. |
| Joseph: How about one more and then we can move on to the verb “tener”? |
| Beatriz: All right. “Ellos saldrán bien parados”. |
| Joseph: “Bien parados”. And what do you mean by “bien parados” in this sense? |
| Beatriz: “Salir bien parado”. Es una expresión que indica que se saldrá de la situación victorioso y prestigiosamente. |
| Joseph: So, in that sense it’s like “You will come out victoriously” or, you know, again, “you’ll come out on top.” You know that makes me feel good. |
| Beatriz: That’s right. That’s great. |
| Joseph: Not really. Really that… |
| Beatriz: I’m so happy for you. |
| Joseph: That gets me right here. The verb “tener”. The verb “tener”. |
| Beatriz: Okay. |
| Joseph: So, “tener” is going to be formed very similarly to “salir” in the sense that we’re going to replace that second “e”, the “e” of the ending in the Infinitive with the letter “d”. So, we’re not going to say “teneré”, that would be incorrect. We’re going to say “tendré”, “tendré”. So, Bea, let’s go through the conjugation. |
| Beatriz: Okay. “Tener”. |
| Joseph: “To have.” |
| Beatriz: “Yo tendré”. |
| Joseph: “I will have.” |
| Beatriz: “Tú tendrás”. |
| Joseph: “You will have.” |
| Beatriz: “Él tendrá”. |
| Joseph: “He will have.” |
| Beatriz: “Nosotros tendremos”. |
| Joseph: “We will have.” |
| Beatriz: “Vosotros tendréis”. |
| Joseph: “You all will have.” |
| Beatriz: “Ellos tendrán”. |
| Joseph: “They will have.” All right. And let’s ground these forms of “tener” with some of your famous and useful examples. |
| Beatriz: All right. El verbo “tener”. |
| Joseph: Yes, let’s hear some examples. |
| Beatriz: “Tú tendrás muchos hijos”. |
| Joseph: “You will have many children.” |
| Beatriz: For example, you’re in the “plaza”, let’s say, in Spain, it happened to my grandmother, she was there, and a gipsy came and wanted to tell her, her future and my grandmother had 11 children. |
| Joseph: Oh, yes. Now, you’ll notice that these aren’t necessarily commands in the sense that we’re talking about before, but we can see how the formation of the verbs can be applied to other usages. So, for example, with “tú tendrás muchos hijos” you can think about it like if you wanted to, like, almost make it a threat or something, you could say “tú tendrás muchos hijos”. Porque sino... |
| Beatriz: “Y sino no tendrás a nadie con quien trabajar en la granja”. |
| Joseph: All right. Right. It… Yes, that’s a good one. And “if you don’t have them, there won’t be anyone to work on the farm”, for example. That’s right. So, that would be the Future of Command. |
| Beatriz: “Vosotros tendréis un buen año”. |
| Joseph: “You’ll have a good year”, “You will all have a good year.” So, now, on to the verb “hacer”. Now, with the verb “hacer”, it’s a little bit different because the stem changes quite a bit. Instead of just removing the “e” of the Infinitive ending, we’re going to remove that letter “c” also. So, we won’t say “haceré”, we will say “haré” or “harás”, etc. So, Beatriz, could you please, please, please do me the honor? |
| Beatriz: “Hacer”. |
| Joseph: “To do”, “to make.” |
| Beatriz: “Yo haré”. |
| Joseph: “I will do.” |
| Beatriz: “Tú harás”. |
| Joseph: “You will do.” |
| Beatriz: “Él hará”. |
| Joseph: “He will do.” |
| Beatriz: “Nosotros haremos”. |
| Joseph: “We will do.” |
| Beatriz: “Vosotros haréis”. |
| Joseph: “You all will do.” |
| Beatriz: “Ellos harán”. |
| Joseph: “They will do.” Great. And, before we finish up here, Bea, how about a couple more examples, this time with the verb “hacer” in the Future Tense of the Indicative Mood? |
| Beatriz: “Yo lo haré como Dios manda”. |
| Joseph: Okay. And, literally, that means “I will do it as God wills.”, but this is kind of a… it’s a pretty common expression in Spanish, it’s like “I’ll do it as it ought to be done.” |
| Beatriz: “Hacer algo como Dios manda”, es ser meticuloso y perfeccionista. |
| Joseph: Right. To be meticulous and a perfectionist. Como tú. |
| Beatriz: Of course, of course. Shut up. All right. |
| Joseph: Okay. |
| Beatriz: “Tú harás un buen trabajo”. |
| Joseph: “You will do a good job.” |
| Beatriz: “Si vamos vestidos de payasos haremos el ridículo”. |
| Joseph: Right, right. And “ridículo” literally means “ridicule” or, you know, you can see the similarity with “ridiculous” or something like that, but in this sense it means “If we go dressed as clowns, we’ll make fools of ourselves.” “Haremos el ridículo” – “we will make fools of ourselves”. But, again, using the verb “hacer”, you know, “to do” or “to make” in the Future Indicative. |
| Beatriz: Bueno, ya se acabó la fiesta. |
Outro |
| Joseph: ¡Qué pena! That’s all the time we have for today. |
| Beatriz: Bueno pues, amigos. Ha sido un gusto, ¡hasta la próxima! ¡Chaocito! |
| Joseph: ¡Chao, chao! |
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