Learn about using the subjunctive tense
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Megan: Show Me The Money. |
| David: Eso es. |
| Megan: So today’s conversation follows the topic of banking in Spain which we’ve been looking at for the last two lessons, right. Today Alejandro needs to take out some of the money. And we want to do it at the counter as opposed to using the ATM. |
| David: Hoy Alejandro va a la ventanilla, en vez de a sacar el dinero del cajero automático. |
| Megan: And this conversation takes place between him and the teller, the - cajera - the woman at the counter of the bank. |
| David: Él está hablando hoy con la cajera. Recordás que habíamos dicho anteriormente que - cajero - es la persona que está en la ventanilla, que también es el ATM. En este caso - cajera - sólamente es la mujer que está en la ventanilla de la oficina. |
| Megan: Right. If you were a man, it would be - un cajero - and that’s the same word that you use for the - cajero - the ATM where you take your money out. As you can imagine, this conversation is formal. We don’t recommend that you go to the bank and use a lot of slang especially not if you want to get your money. So the people are doing a business transaction here. |
| David: Sí, no es recomendable que venís ahí diciendo, ¡hey que pasa! Dame mi dinero. |
| Megan: No. Así no, and I think our listeners are pretty bright. They know that that’s not a good idea. So now would be the time to open up the lesson guide in your PDF reader. |
| David: Por qué no abrís ya la guía de la lección en vuestro lector de PDF |
| DIALOGUE |
| 1. ALEJANDRO: Buenos días, quería retirar dinero de mi cuenta. |
| 2. CAJERA: Ya sabe que puede retirarlo a cualquier hora en los cajeros automáticos. |
| 3. ALEJANDRO: Sí, pero quería sacar una cantidad importante y prefiero retirarlo aquí en ventanilla. |
| 4. CAJERA: Por supuesto. ¿Trae su cartilla? |
| 5. ALEJANDRO: Sí, aquí está. Si puede, además, pongamela al día, que creo que hace bastante que no lo hago. |
| 6. CAJERA: Muy bien. ¿Cuánto dinero desea sacar? |
| 7. ALEJANDRO: Dos mil euros. Si es posible en billetes como máximo de cincuenta, que sino luego no me cambian en ningún sitio. |
| 8. CAJERA: Muy bien. Pues aquí tiene. ¿Quiere que se lo guarde en un sobre? |
| 9. ALEJANDRO: Sí, por favor. Gracias. Adiós. |
| 10. CAJERA: Adiós, buenos días. |
| Intro: And now with the translation. Ahora incluiremos la traducción. |
| 1. ALEJANDRO: Buenos días, quería retirar dinero de mi cuenta. |
| 1. ALEJANDRO: Good morning, I wanted to withdraw money from my account. |
| 2. CAJERA: Ya sabe que puede retirarlo a cualquier hora en los cajeros automáticos. |
| 2. TELLER: By now you know that you can withdraw it at any time from the ATM's, right? |
| 3. ALEJANDRO: Sí, pero quería sacar una cantidad importante y prefiero retirarlo aquí en ventanilla. |
| 3. ALEJANDRO: Yes, but I wanted to take out an important sum and I prefer to withdraw it here at the counter. |
| 4. CAJERA: Por supuesto. ¿Trae su cartilla? |
| 4. TELLER: Of course. Have you brought your bankbook? |
| 5. ALEJANDRO: Sí, aquí está. Si puede, además, pongamela al día, que creo que hace bastante que no lo hago. |
| 5. ALEJANDRO: Yes, here it is. If you can, while you're at it, get me up to date, as I believe it's been quite some time since I've done so. |
| 6. CAJERA: Muy bien. ¿Cuánto dinero desea sacar? |
| 6. TELLER: Very well. How much money do you wish to withdraw? |
| 7. ALEJANDRO: Dos mil euros. Si es posible en billetes como máximo de cincuenta, que sino luego no me cambian en ningún sitio. |
| 7. ALEJANDRO: Two thousand Euros. If it's possible, in bills no larger than fifty, or else later no one will break them for me anywhere. |
| 8. CAJERA: Muy bien. Pues aquí tiene. ¿Quiere que se lo guarde en un sobre? |
| 8. TELLER: Very well. Well, here you go. Do you want me to put it in an envelope for you? |
| 9. ALEJANDRO: Sí, por favor. Gracias. Adiós. |
| 9. ALEJANDRO: Yes, please. Thank you. Goodbye. |
| 10. CAJERA: Adiós, buenos días. |
| 10. TELLER: Goodbye, good day. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| David: ¡Ay Megan!, I know you have had some problems in Spain with - tu libreta. As tenido algunos problemillas con tu libreta, ¿no? |
| Megan: libreta, and here you call it a - cartilla - right? |
| David: Sí, la cartilla y la libreta. |
| Megan: Cartilla, la libreta. I translated it as “bank book.” In the United States, we don’t have anything like that and it’s like – it looks like a passport. It’s the same size and it has all of the movements in your account and you are supposed to update it and you can do it at the - ventanilla - at the window, at the teller’s window or you can do it in the special machine and that’s where I get freaked out. |
| David: Sí, hay cajeros especiales. Cajeros automáticos dónde puedes meter la cartilla. |
| Megan: Yeah. |
| David: Que está llena de hojas, de páginas en las que puedes ir imprimiendo todos los movimientos. |
| Megan: Right. So you just – you take your book. It’s like putting a little password into this machine and it flips the pages and it automatically prints it and I just freak out every time I have to do it and some little lady had to show me how to do it. |
| David: En España, los bancos están muy adelantados. |
| Megan: Yeah, yeah. Okay now that we’ve gone through the conversation, what do you say we run through some of the vocabulary David? |
| David: Es muy buena idea. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Megan: Alright. So let’s move on to the vocabulary section of today’s PDF lesson guide. And we are going to start out with a noun. |
| David: cuenta |
| Megan: Account. |
| David: cu-en-ta, cuenta |
| Megan: And now we get an indefinite adjective. |
| David: cualquier, cualquiera |
| Megan: Whichever |
| David: cual-qui-er, cual-qui-e-ra, cualquier, cualquiera |
| Megan: And now we have a feminine noun |
| David: cantidad, cantidad |
| Megan: A sum or amount. |
| David: can-ti-dad, cantidad |
| Megan: And here we have another noun. |
| David: cartilla |
| Megan: A bank book. |
| David: car-ti-lla, cartilla |
| Megan: And an adjective. |
| David: bastante |
| Megan: A great deal of |
| David: bas-tan-te, bastante |
| Megan: And a noun phrase. |
| David: Como máximo. |
| Megan: At most. |
| David: co-mo má-xi-mo, como máximo |
| Megan: And an indefinite adjective. |
| David: ningún, ninguno, ninguna |
| Megan: None, not any. |
| David: nin-gún, nin-gu-no, nin-gu-na, ningún, ninguno, ninguna |
| Megan: And finally a verb |
| David: guardar |
| Megan: To save. |
| David: gu-ar-dar, guardar. ¿Qué te parece si hablamos hoy de la palabra cartilla? |
| Megan: Cartilla. Okay we are going to talk about the word - cartilla. ILLA is a diminutive and so that’s added to the root which is - carta. |
| David: Parece que sí, que es un diminutivo de carta, carta es |
| Megan: A letter. |
| David: hm, así que podría ser una pequeña carta. So it can be a little letter? |
| Megan: A little letter and |
| David: Pero ... |
| Megan: that’s the Bankbook that has all the little pages that we were talking about. Ah yeah and to get to the pronunciation part of this, in the old times in Spain there was a differentiation between the sound and you are going to have to make it for me, but the sound of a Y and an LL and you don’t hear it so much nowadays but… |
| David: No… |
| Megan: But try to show us what that was. |
| David: Yo te digo cómo se habría dicho antiguamente. Antiguamente se habría dicho - cartiLLIA. |
| Megan: uff. |
| David: Muy dificíl. |
| Megan: And every once in a while, you will hear someone in Spain still say it that way. |
| David: En algunos sitios se puede oír todavía. |
| Megan: In some regions you still hear this. |
| David: En Valladolid a lo mejor. |
| Megan: mhm |
| David: Ellos dirían VaLLAdolid. Pero ya no se diferencía, ahora sería como una Y griega. Entonces - cartilla. |
| Megan: Cartilla - and remember that Y - griega here in Spain and then also the LL is not YA it’s not YOUR, it’s not the sound of a Y in your, it’s more like the sound of the J in judge, so it’s - cartilla. |
| David: mhm, y si se pronuncian igual, por qué no lo escribimos con Y griega, por ejempo. |
| Megan: Maybe they will if they reform that. Maybe someday it will be spelled the same way as with the Y, you never know. |
| David: ¿Conoces a Juán Ramón Jiménez? |
| Megan: Yes. Juán Ramón Jiménez is a very important poem from the Generación del 25… del 27 |
| David: Él lo intentó, él lo intentó que la ortografía del español, pues se ... siguiese una regla. Que no tuviese tantas expectiones. |
| Megan: But you don’t have so many exceptions not like in English. It’s not that crazy. |
| David: Vamos a ver un poco de uso del vocabulario. |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Megan: Now we are going to go on to vocabulary usage. |
| David: Empezamos con - cuenta. |
| Megan: Cuenta - is a word with multiple meanings. In today’s context it means account or as in a bank account and there are related words like |
| David: Cuenta de ahorros o cuenta de corriente. |
| Megan: Savings account or checking account. |
| David: contar |
| Megan: With - contar - which is to count. |
| David: En la conversación de hoy escuchamos el siguiente ejemplo - Quería retirar dinero de mi cuenta. |
| Megan: I wanted to withdraw money from my account. |
| David: Muy bien, pasamos a cualquier, o cualquiera. Uno es masculino y el otro es femenino. |
| Megan: And this is an indefinite adjective which means whichever and this often changes depending on the context. For example, today we heard it in the following example. |
| David: Hoy lo hemos oído en este ejemplo - Ya sabe que puede retirarlo a cualquier hora en los cajeros automáticos. |
| Megan: By now, you know that you can withdraw at any time from the ATMs, right? and here it takes on the meaning of any because it’s modifying - Cajeros Automáticos - So instead of saying whichever, we wouldn’t say in English, you could withdraw it at whichever time. We would say at any time. So the translation is a little – a little flexible in English. |
| David: Pasamos a la palabra - cartilla. En este contexto, ¿Trae su cartilla? |
| Megan: Which means - have you brought your Bankbook? So you might wonder, do you need to have - de cartilla - in order to take your money out of the counter at the bank. Well no you don’t need it. It’s just people like to keep track. If you take money out of the bank, then they will automatically update your - your cartilla - so there is exactly the same as what you have in your account. It’s like having a statement – a banking statement basically. |
| David: Es como si llevas eso en tu bolsillo, constantemente el estado de tu cuenta. Todos los movimientos de tu cuenta. Vamos a ver - como máximo. Podemos traducirlo como - |
| Megan: At most. |
| David: Pero cambiará siempre según el contexto. Por ejemplo, hoy en la conversación hemos escuchado. - Si es posible en billetes como máximo de cincuenta. |
| Megan: If it’s possible in bills no larger than 50, so instead of it being at most, in English, we would say no larger than 50 or I want 50 to be the largest bill. |
| David: mhm, vamos a ver otros ejemplos para que veais cómo se utiliza - como máximo - en otros contextos. Por ejemplo - No te preocupes, creo que esto te llevará como máximo 10 minutos. |
| Megan: Don’t worry. This will take 10 minutes at the most. |
| David: O, puedes entregar este informe hasta el sábado como máximo. |
| Megan: You can hand in this report on Saturday at the latest. So you could say at the most but I think you know, this is an expression - como máximo - that changes a lot in English but I think we mostly – we can understand what it means in Spanish. |
| David: Muy bien, ningún o ninguno o ninguna. |
| Megan: Okay let’s continue with our last example. |
| David: Si es posible en billetes como máximo de cincuenta, que sino luego no me cambian en ningún sitio. |
| Megan: If it’s possible, in bills no larger than fifty or else later, no one will break them from anywhere. So ningún or ninguna, are indefinite adjectives which negate the meaning of the word which they modify. For example, En ningún sitio - means at no place literally or nowhere. |
| David: De ninguna manera, significa - No way or by no means. |
| Megan: Right. No way or by no means. We always use - ningún - before a masculine noun and - ninguna - before a feminine noun. |
| David: Right - ninguno es masculino, y ninguna, femenino. |
| Megan: And singular as well. |
| David: Right. Bueno nena de que hablamos hoy sobre gramática. |
| Megan: A good question. We are going to talk about the present indicative and the present subjunctive in sentences with subordinate clauses. |
| David: Uff, presente indicativo y presente de subjuntivo en oraciones con cláusulas subordinadas. Es muy buen punto. People, remember that you can find other entries about today’s grammar point in the grammar bank at SpanishPod101.com. Hoy vamos a repasar un poco los verbos que indican deseo. Que se utilizan en la clausula principal en forma indicativa. |
| Megan: Here we are going to talk about verbs of desire or need and the indicative clause in the first clause which triggers the subjunctive mood in the second clause. So remember, the indicative mood is used for objective actions whether present, past or future while the subjunctive mood is used for subjective information, hypothetical situations, desires, thoughts, things that don’t exist in reality. |
| David: Y hoy tenemos un bonito ejemplo. ¿Quiere que se lo guarde en un sobre? |
| Megan: Do you want me to put it in an envelope for you? The main clauses in the indicative mood - quiere - while the subordinate clause has the subjunctive mood - guarde - and always, always, always when you have - querer, desear - it always, always has the subjunctive right? |
| David: Uhoo. |
| Megan: Because you can’t want something that really exists right? It’s a different philosophy about living in a way, isn’t it? |
| David: Por ejemplo, quiero que vengas. |
| Megan: Quiero que vengas. - I want you to come. Now notice in English, we have the infinitive but in Spanish, we conjugate that second verb |
| David: en subjuntivo |
| Megan: en subjuntivo |
| David: o por ejemplo - Deseo que estés aquí. |
| Megan: I desire that you are here (with me). Which you are not. If you are not there, so it has to be in the subjunctive because you are imagining something impossible or something that’s not real. |
| David: Aunque sabemos que el uso del subjuntivo, siempre es muy difícil. Este tipo de frases os van a resultar muy fáciles de aplicar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Megan: Right. The subjunctives can seem difficult at first because in Spanish, it’s used much more than it is in English but when you have these examples, they start to - pegar. They start to stick in your mind and before you know it, you are going to - soltar - subjunctive all over there. You know, let it loose. Okay now we are moving on to my favorite part which is - La Tarea - the homework. I love giving people homework. In today’s grammar lesson, we talked about sentences that express desire, deseo, and how we need to use the subjunctive mood and the subordinate clauses of these and the indicative mood in the main clauses. So here is what we are going to do. |
| David: Os vamos a dar cinco oraciones en español. |
| Megan: We will give you five sentences in Spanish. |
| David: Cada una va a tener un verbo en indicativo, y otro en subjuntivo. |
| Megan: And each will have a verb in the indicative mood and another in the subjunctive mood. |
| David: Luego os vamos a preguntar por la persona número. Tiempo y modo, de uno de los verbos. |
| Megan: Then we are going to ask you for the person, number, tense and mood of one of the verbs. Are you ready? |
| David: Estaís preparados - |
| Megan: Bueno. |
| David: Vamos allá. Número 1) Necesitan que lleguemos temprano. |
| Megan: What’s the person, number, tense and mood of the verb - lleguemos. |
| David: Queremos que vengas con nosotros. |
| Megan: What’s the person, number, tense and mood of the verb - queremos. |
| David: Número 3) Quiero que me digas la verdad. |
| Megan: Wooh! What’s the person, number, tense and mood of the verb - digas. |
| David: Número 4) La empresa requiere que todos asistamos a la conferencia. |
| Megan: What’s the person, number, tense and mood of the verb - asistamos. |
| David: Número 5) ¿Queréis que os dé otro ejemplo? |
| Megan: What’s the person, number, tense and mood of the verb - queréis. |
| David: ¿Queréis otro ejemplo? |
| Megan: Pues ya no hay tiempo… No da tiempo. |
| David: Bueno, pues ahora recordá que siempre podéis repasar las respuestas, y los comentarios sobre las respuestas en el Premium Audio Track, que llamamos - La Tarea. |
Outro |
| Megan: Right. Okay well I think that’s going to do it for today. |
| David: Okay, ¿sabes lo que quiero ya, Megan? Quiero que llegue ya el próximo día con la próxima lección. |
| Megan: Vale, pues anda. |
| David: Okay, creo que hemos terminado por hoy. |
| Megan: See you soon. |
| David: Hasta luego. |
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