Learn about talking about past actions and events
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Megan: Smash the ATM or Ask for Assistance. So today’s conversation takes place between Angela and the cajero of the bank. Before we start, let’s just mention that the word - cajero, is used to refer to the person who works at the counter of the bank, the teller and it also refers to an ATM. So as you can imagine, this is taking place in a bank and the conversation is formal. This is not where you want to bust out all of your slang, right? |
| David: Eso es, es una conversación formal, y es muy curioso pero en España, en español, es verdad que cajero sirve tanto para el ATM, para el cajero automático, o para la persona que te atiende en la propia oficina del banco. |
| Megan: Okay, now would be the time to open up the lesson guide in your PDF reader. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 1. ANGELA: Buenos días. Mire, hace tres días quise sacar dinero en el cajero de esta oficina, y no me dispensó ningún billete. |
| 2. CAJERO: Pero, ¿le anuló la operación, o le indicó algún error por pantalla? |
| 3. ANGELA: No. Se completó toda la operación normalmente, pero no salió ningún billete. Hasta imprimió un recibo indicando que me había dispensado cien euros. |
| 4. CAJERO: ¿Ha traído el recibo? |
| 5. ANGELA: Sí, aquí está. ¿Ve? Dice que me ha dispensado el dinero, pero no es verdad. |
| 6. CAJERO: No se preocupe, voy a hacer una fotocopia de este recibo y lo enviaré a la central. En unos días ellos revisarán los movimientos del cajero, y comprobarán qué ha sucedido. |
| 7. ANGELA: ¿Me tendré que desplazar aquí a que me den el dinero? |
| 8. CAJERO: No, se lo reintegraremos a la cuenta de la que se lo hemos descontado. |
| 9. ANGELA: De acuerdo. Gracias. |
| Intro: And now with the translation. Ahora incluiremos la traducción. |
| 1. ANGELA: Buenos días. Mire, hace tres días quise sacar dinero en el cajero de esta oficina, y no me dispensó ningún billete. |
| 1. ANGELA: Good morning. Look, three days ago I wanted to take out money from the ATM of this branch, and it didn't dispense any bills. |
| 2. CAJERO: Pero, ¿le anuló la operación, o le indicó algún error por pantalla? |
| 2. TELLER: But, it did cancel your operation, or did it indicate some kind of error on the screen? |
| 3. ANGELA: No. Se completó toda la operación normalmente, pero no salió ningún billete. Hasta imprimió un recibo indicando que me había dispensado cien euros. |
| 3. ANGELA: No. The whole operation was completed normally, but no bills came out. It even printed me a receipt indicating that it had dispensed one hundred Euros to me. |
| 4. CAJERO: ¿Ha traído el recibo? |
| 4. TELLER: Have you brought your receipt? |
| 5. ANGELA: Sí, aquí está. ¿Ve? Dice que me ha dispensado el dinero, pero no es verdad. |
| 5. ANGELA: Yes, here it is. See? It says that it has dispensed the money to me, but that's not true. |
| 6. CAJERO: No se preocupe, voy a hacer una fotocopia de este recibo y lo enviaré a la central. En unos días ellos revisarán los movimientos del cajero, y comprobarán qué ha sucedido. |
| 6. TELLER: Don't worry, I'm going to make a photocopy of this receipt and I will send it to the central office. In a few days, they will review the transactions of the ATM and will verify what has happened. |
| 7. ANGELA: ¿Me tendré que desplazar aquí a que me den el dinero? |
| 7. ANGELA: Will I have to come back here for them to give me the money? |
| 8. CAJERO: No, se lo reintegraremos a la cuenta de la que se lo hemos descontado. |
| 8. TELLER: No, we will refund the account out of which we have deducted it. |
| 9. ANGELA: De acuerdo. Gracias. |
| 9. ANGELA: Great. Thank you. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Megan: Hey David, didn’t you tell me that this exact same thing happened to you last summer? |
| David: Exacto, esto mismo me pasó el verano pasado. Es verdad, por eso lo puedo contar con tanto detalle. |
| Megan: See because David wrote this week’s lesson and did they give you your money back? |
| David: Sí no tuve ningún problema, pero de verdad es la primera vez que me ha pasado eh, los cajeros en españa funcionan muy bien. |
| Megan: Yeah it’s the first time that ever happened to you right because the - cajeros - here, the ATMs work very well and they are everywhere right? There is an ATM on every corner in Spain. |
| David: Yeah you can find everywhere, en todas las esquinas, de todas las ciudades, hay siempre un banco y un cajero. |
| Megan: Eso. So okay, now that we’ve gone through the conversation, what do you say we run through some of the vocabulary? |
| David: Creo que es muy buena idea. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Megan: Alright. So move on to the vocabulary section of today’s PDF lesson guide. Now we are going to start out with a noun. |
| David: cajero |
| Megan: ATM. |
| David: ca-je-ro, cajero |
| Megan: And now we are going to have a verb. |
| David: dispensar |
| Megan: To dispense. |
| David: dis-pen-sar, dispensar |
| Megan: And here we have another verb. |
| David: anular |
| Megan: To cancel. |
| David: a-nu-lar, anular |
| Megan: And another verb. |
| David: imprimir |
| Megan: To print. |
| David: im-pri-mir, imprimir |
| Megan: And now we are going to have a noun. |
| David: recibo |
| Megan: A receipt. |
| David: re-ci-bo |
| Megan: And now we are going to have a verb |
| David: comprobar |
| Megan: To verify. |
| David: com-pro-bar, comprobar |
| Megan: And another verb |
| David: desplazar |
| Megan: To travel back. |
| David: des-pla-zar, desplazar |
| Megan: And our last one is a verb. |
| David: reintegrar |
| Megan: To refund. |
| David: re-in-te-grar, reintegrar |
| Megan: Okay. Why don’t we take a look and see if we can find out something about pronunciation looking at all these words. Okay here we have an example of some of the pronunciation you can find that’s particular to the Iberian Peninsula. |
| David: Creo que algo que podemos comentar es, cómo pronunciamos la Z y la S, aquí en españa. |
| Megan: Claro. We can talk about the distinction between the Z and the S in Spain. The C and Z and S and how there is a distinction in the pronunciation and here in Spain, we pronounce it. |
| David: zeta (Z) |
| Megan: zeta (Z) |
| David: Tenemos dos ejemplos muy buenos. El verbo dispensar y el verbo desplazar. |
| Megan: To dispense and to travel back and forth. |
| David: Yo creo que en Latinoamérica, seguro desplazar, se diría desplazar |
| Megan: desplazar, and here - desplazar. |
| David: la zeta (Z), se pronuncia con la lengua entre los dientes. |
| Megan: Right but in the case of - dispensar - just the regular S sound. |
| David: Hay posibilidad de que en España allá “ceseos” o “seseos”, y te puedes encontrar desde - dispensar |
| Megan: dispensar - is in the south in Cádiz you can find that yes and also in Sevilla por ejemplo |
| David: Puedes encontrar un “seseo” en desplazar |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Megan: desplazar - Exactly. So you can find a little bit of everything here in Spain too but the most – the most common pronunciation would be - desplazar. Okay so let’s move on to the vocabulary and some usage so you get some examples. |
| David: Empezamos con el verbo dispensar. Que significa - |
| Megan: To dispense. Notice the similarity between the Spanish and the English words. |
| David: En la conversación de hoy lo escuchamos en el siguiente ejemplo - No me dispensó ningún billete. |
| Megan: It didn’t dispense any bills. Can you think of any other examples that are used with this verb? |
| David: Puedo pensar en otros ejemplos - claro. Por ejemplo, El cajero me dispensó doscientos euros. |
| Megan: The ATM dispensed €200 to me. |
| David: Pasamos al verbo anular. |
| Megan: This verb means to cancel but to remember it, we can also think of the English word to annul or an annulment like an annulment which is like a canceling. |
| David: Hoy lo hemos escuchado así - ¿Le anuló la operación? |
| Megan: Did you cancel your operation? |
| David: El uso del objeto indirecto aquí es interesante. |
| Megan: Literally it seems to be saying, did it cancel the operation for you. |
| David: Casi parece indicar posesión. |
| Megan: Right it almost seems like it’s something that you are possessing and that’s very typical. |
| David: Pasamos al verbo comprobar. |
| Megan: This means to verify or to confirm. Let’s break this one down. The word comes from Latin - comprobare. Notice the prefix - com. Whenever you see this, you have to think of the preposition “with” like - con, in Spanish and when we see - probar - which means to test but also it can mean to prove something which is where our word comes from in English. So in this sense, when we say that - comprobar - means to verify, we are saying to prove with something. |
| David: Hoy tenemos un ejemplo en la frase - Comprobarán que ha sucedido. |
| Megan: They will verify what has happened, and so that means they are going to prove what has happened with some evidence right hopefully and then you get your money back. |
| David: Así...Así es. Pasamos al verbo desplazar. Este verbo cuando es en reflexivo es - desplazarse. |
| Megan: desplazarse. When it’s - desplazarse - it’s reflexive. Unlike most words this one has a number of different meanings. |
| David: En la lección de hoy - desplazarse - significa viajar. O ir a un lugar. |
| Megan: In today’s lesson, it means to travel or to go back to a certain place and we heard it in the example |
| David: ¿Me tendré que desplazar aquí, a que me den el dinero? |
| Megan: Will I have to come back here for them to give me the money? and it just is basically asking you know, do I have to make an effort to go - desplazar - is to go from one place to another basically. |
| David: desplazarse. Y en este caso vemos que es el uso reflexivo. Usamos el pronombre - me - Me tendré que desplazar. |
| Megan: Right. |
| David: Pasamos al verbo - reintegrar. |
| Megan: Now this verb has many different meanings as well but I think that you will find that they have a common essence all of the different meanings. For example, in today’s lesson since it is used in the financial context |
| David: Se usa en un contexto financiero. Se lo reintegraremos a la cuenta de la que se lo hemos descontado. |
| Megan: We will fund the account out of which we have deducted it, and here it means to refund, to reimburse, to sort of take something from the outside and put it back into the inside you know, thinking of it in terms of money and as you are probably already imagining, it can have a literal meaning “to reintegrate”. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| David: So let’s go and let’s move to the grammar point of the day. |
| Megan: And don’t forget that you can always check out the grammar bank in the learning center. |
| David: Recuerda que en el grammar bank of the learning center, hay un montón de información sobre cualquiera de los temas de gramática de los que hablamos. |
| Megan:Right. Remember that you can always go to the grammar bank and get more information on the things that we talked about here in the lesson. This is going to be a review of preterit tenses, preterit absolute - imprimió, preterit perfect - ha traído, and preterit pluperfect - había dispensado. |
| David: Vamos a intentar daros una definición de cuándo intentar usar cada uno de estos verbos, y cada una de estas formas verbales. So the preterit absolute, it’s something that happened in a unit of time that we consider it’s over. Consideramos que esta unidad de tiempo ya se ha terminado. So if our current unit of time is today anything that happened yesterday, you know it’s a unit of time which is over. |
| Megan: Yeah and I wanted to mention that this particular philosophy of time is very particular to the Iberian Peninsula I think because in Latin America, I don’t know that they necessarily consider the preterit absolute and preterit perfect in that way. So – but we are going to give you the Iberian version and you can compare that to the Latin American philosophy. So basically what we are saying is that the preterit absolute - imprimió - is when you use that, it means that time is over. It’s in the past for you. It’s not part of the time that you feel you are living now. It sounds really philosophical but that’s exactly how it is. |
| David: That’s right. Very good and the preterit perfect, it’s something that happened in the unit of time that it’s not over. So if our unit of time, our psychological unit of time is this year, anything that has happened this year, we have to use the preterit perfect. |
| Megan: Right. The preterit perfect would be a time that you consider that you are still living. Everything that happened today and that’s still in your unit of time would be the - pretérito perfecto - which is, ha traído, or - ha impreso. |
| David: El pretérito pluscuamperfecto, se utiliza fundamentalmente en frases subordinadas. |
| Megan: Right. The preterit pluperfect, you use in subordinate clauses mainly like actions that were over when the principal action took place. |
| David: O en acciones pasadas que se hacen referencia en estilo indirecto. |
| Megan: Right or in past actions referred to in the indirect style. So we are talking about - había dispensado - that type of construction. |
| David: Muy bien, vamos a daros una pequeña descripción de cómo se forma. El pretérito indefinido, es una forma simple. Que nos tenemos que aprender la conjugación. |
| Megan: The preterit absolute is a simple tense whose conjugation you are just going to have to learn and memorize. |
| David: El pretérito perfecto es una forma compuesta. |
| Megan: And preterit perfect is a compound form. |
| David: Se forma con el presente perfecto del verbo haber, más el participio del pasado del verbo principal. |
| Megan: Right. It’s formed with the present perfect as the verb - haber - plus the past participle of the main verb. |
| David: El pretérito pluscuamperfecto es una forma compuesta. |
| Megan: The preterit pluperfect is a compound form. |
| David: Es el pretérito perfecto del verbo haber más el participio del pasado del verbo principal. |
| Megan: This time we have the imperfect form of the verb - haber - plus the past participle of the main verb. |
| David: Yeah, nos damos unos ejemplos de cada caso. Vamos a utilizar los verbos dispensar, traer, e imprimir. |
| Megan: We are going to give you examples with each verb - dispensar, traer, e imprimir - to dispense, to bring or to print. |
| David: Para, dispensar, pretérito indefinido. |
| Megan: The preterit absolute. |
| David: Yo dispensé. Pretérito perfecto - |
| Megan: The preterit perfect. |
| David: Yo he dispensado. Pretérito pluscuamperfecto. |
| Megan: preterit pluperfect. |
| David: Yo había dispensado. Para el verbo traer, pretérito indefinido - |
| Megan: Preterit absolute. |
| David: Tú trajiste. Pero cuidado, esto no es la norma. La norma habría sido - tú “traíste”. |
| Megan: Right. So with this one, you have to watch out because it’s an exception. This is an irregular conjugation. It would have been “tú traíste” not - tú trajiste. So you got to memorize that one. |
| David: El pretérito perfecto - Tú has traído. |
| Megan: That was the preterit perfect. |
| David: Pretérito pluscuamperfecto |
| Megan: The preterit pluperfect. |
| David: Tú habías traído. Y para el verbo imprimir, vamos con el pretérito indefinido. |
| Megan: The preterit absolute. |
| David: Él imprimió. El pretérito perfecto. |
| Megan: The preterit perfect. |
| David: El ha impreso. Y el pretérito pluscuamperfecto. |
| Megan: The preterit pluperfect. |
| David: Él había imprimido. |
| Megan: Ah, watch out here. Now David is trying to – he is trying to trick you because he used two different past participles. He said - impreso, he said - él ha impreso, and then he said - él había imprimido. Can you explain that David? |
| David: Sí, son dos participios de pasado, aceptados los dos, y los dos correctos. |
| Megan: Right. Those two past participles impreso and imprimido are both accepted I think by the Real Academia. So one is a little bit more culto, though right. One is a little bit more - impreso |
| David: Sí, se utiliza más impreso. Cuándo el pasado, el participio del pasado se utiliza como adjetivo. Sólamente es válido - impreso. |
| Megan: Impreso, so when you are using the past participle as an adjective, it has to be - impreso. So if you are talking about - papeles impresos - you can say - papeles imprimidos - but I’ve heard people say that as is mal visto. |
| David: Pues, no es correcto. Como ejemplo, en el libreto vienen las letras impresas. |
| Megan: Alright. |
| David: Muy bien vamos a las tareas. |
| Megan: The time has come to give you your - tarea - the homework. In today’s grammar section, we covered three of the preterit tenses, the preterit absolute, the preterit perfect and the preterit pluperfect. |
| David: el pretérito indefinido, el pretérito perfecto, y el pretérito pluscuamperfecto. |
| Megan: For your assignment, I am going to give you five verbs in Spanish. Each of these verbs will be conjugated to a form of the present tense in the indicative mood. What you have to do is form this verb in the preterit absolute, the preterit perfect and the preterit pluperfect while maintaining the person and number. So if the question is - juegas - the answer would be |
| David: jugaste - si es el pretérito indefinido, has jugado - si es el pretérito perfecto, o habías jugado - si es el pretérito pluscuamperfecto. |
| Megan: Are you ready? |
| David: Estáis preparado vamos allá - número 1) imprimir, número 2) traígo, número 3) dispensan, número 4) reintegras, número 5) desplazamos. |
| Megan: Alright. Now remember people, you can always check out the answers with comments on the answers in the premium audio track called - tarea - the homework. |
Outro |
| Megan: We are done for today but we will see you next time. |
| David: Hasta luego. |
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