Learn about Spanish adverbs of time
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Dylan: Hola amigos, ¿cómo están? Soy Dylan. |
| Carlos: What’s going on? My name is Carlos. - In the weeds. In this lesson we’ll learn about adverbs of time. |
| Dylan: So we’re continuing our discussion. |
| Carlos: Yes, and we are back with Santiago and Laura. |
| Dylan: They still cooking? |
| Carlos: Actually, they're co-workers in a restaurant. |
| Dylan: So, are they speaking formally or informally? |
| Carlos: Well, Dylan, we’re co-workers and we don’t speak formally, so I think it’s a safe assumption to think they are speaking… |
| Dylan: Informally? |
| Carlos: Yes, that’s right. You know what let’s listen to today’s conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| SANTIAGO: Corra Laura, aquí está el plato para la mesa 2. |
| LAURA: ¡Ocupo ajo! ¿¡Dónde está el ajo!? |
| SANTIAGO: En la condimentera. |
| LAURA: ¡Sirva la sopa! |
| SANTIAGO: ¡Esto está de locos!... ¿y el cucharón? |
| LAURA: ¡Lo tiene en frente! ¡El pollo! ¿Y el pollo? ¿¡Dónde está el pollo!? |
| SANTIAGO: Respire, Laura, ya está en el horno. |
| LAURA: Ay, perdón, es que hay mucha gente... |
| SANTIAGO: Voy a batir los huevos. |
| LAURA: Sal... orégano... paprika... listo? |
| SANTIAGO: Listo, llame a los meseros. |
| SANTIAGO: Run Laura, here's the dish for table two. |
| LAURA: I need garlic! Where's the garlic!? |
| SANTIAGO: It's with the spices. |
| LAURA: Serve the soup! |
| SANTIAGO: This is getting crazy! ...and the ladle? |
| LAURA: It's right in front of you! The chicken! And the chicken? Where's the chicken? |
| SANTIAGO: Breathe, Laura, it's already in the oven. |
| LAURA: Ah, sorry, it's just that there are a lot of people... |
| SANTIAGO: I'm going to beat the eggs. |
| LAURA: Salt...oregano...paprika...got it? |
| SANTIAGO: Got it, call the waiters. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Dylan: Woo! That was really, really harsh. That’s a busy restaurant. |
| Carlos: I’ve been there, trust me. I used to be a waiter for years. Uh, about eight, so I know what that’s like. |
| Dylan: Gosh. |
| Carlos: Oh it’s crazy. You know the cooks get all flustered. Plus I used to work at a diner. And I used to work on the morning shifts with the breakfast. Pancakes, eggs, waffles, bacon, everything, all going out once you get eight tables. It’s crazy, I mean, so I completely understand what Laura is going through and Santiago. |
| Dylan: I like being on the other side. |
| Carlos: I guess so. You ever been a waitress, Dylan? |
| Dylan: Yeah, I was a bartender actually. That’s more fun. |
| Carlos: Yeah, bartenders would be more fun. Well, you know what, let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. First up we have a verb. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Dylan: “Correr”. |
| Carlos: “To run”, “to pull, move”, “to go fast.” |
| Dylan: “Co-rrer”, “correr”. |
| Carlos: And then we have another verb. |
| Dylan: “Ocupar”. |
| Carlos: “To occupy”,”to take up”, “to need.” |
| Dylan: “O-cu-par”, “ocupar”. |
| Carlos: And then a masculine noun. |
| Dylan: “Frente”. |
| Carlos: “Front.” |
| Dylan: “Fren-te”, “frente”. |
| Carlos: And then we have another verb. |
| Dylan: “Batir”. |
| Carlos: “To beat eggs.” |
| Dylan: “Ba-tir”, “batir”. |
| Carlos: Then we have a masculine noun. |
| Dylan: “Cucharón”. |
| Carlos: “Ladle.” |
| Dylan: “Cu-cha-rón”, “cucharón”. |
| Carlos: And last but not least, a masculine noun. |
| Dylan: “Horno”. |
| Carlos: “Oven.” |
| Dylan: “Hor-no”, “horno”. |
| Carlos: Ok, let’s have a closer look at the use for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Dylan: The first word we’ll look at is “correr”. |
| Carlos: “Correr”. “To run.” |
| Dylan: When you aren’t moving quickly, this is what they say, “¡corra!” |
| Carlos: Aww, I remember that you know. When I was a kid I hated running. |
| Dylan: What about when you were working at restaurant? |
| Carlos: Are you kidding me? The cooks always wanted you to move faster. “¡Corra!, ¡corra!” But God forbid that you ask them to move a little faster. |
| Dylan: Well, Santiago is using that same strategy on Laura. |
| Carlos: “Corra Laura, aquí está el plato para la mesa dos.” |
| Dylan: “Run, Laura. Here is the plate for table two.” |
| Carlos: So familiar… brings back memories. But Dylan, do you have a definition for us? |
| Dylan: “Ir deprisa”. |
| Carlos: You know and I think I have a sample sentence. “El atleta corre cinco kilómetros todos los días”. |
| Dylan: “The athlete runs five kilometers every day”. We have some related words that can apply to that sample sentence, “la carrera”. |
| Carlos: Ok, “the race”, right? Next up I believe we’ve seen this verb before. |
| Dylan: We have. “Ocupar”. |
| Carlos: “Ocupar”, “to occupy”, “to take up.” |
| Dylan: Yes, but also “to need”. |
| Carlos: Like “necesitar”. |
| Dylan: Exactly. If you look at the conversation you can see this explained. |
| Carlos: “Ocupo ajo”. |
| Dylan: “I need garlic.” You can never have enough garlic. |
| Carlos: Well, I mean you can. It just all depends on what you’re doing for the rest of the day. Like if we're recording a lesson… |
| Dylan: Yes, I can’t argue with that Carlos. Now, here’s another sentence with the same usage. “Ocupamos maíz molido para hacer la masa del tamal”. |
| Carlos: “We need ground corn to do the tamal dough.” “Tamal”. You know we discussed that in our other lesson and now that you mention it I want one. |
| Dylan: Ah ok, ok, ok, ok. Let’s continue over that stomach grumbling. “Frente”. |
| Carlos: A masculine noun, “frente, “front”. Not too difficult. |
| A. No it’s not. Santiago is asking for one of our other vocab words which we will get to later. And Laura’s answer to his question is... |
| Carlos: “Lo tienes enfrente”. |
| Dylan: “It’s right in front of you.” I can think of a thousand times when I’m looking for something and it’s just right in front of me. |
| Carlos: That’s how it usually happens. You know it’s obvious but you can’t see it. You know another topic... Do you know why I moved into my new house? |
| Dylan: Why? |
| Carlos: “Porque mi casa está enfrente de un parque muy grande”. “Because my house is in front of a huge park.” |
| Dylan: Wow! “Frente”, “el opuesto de atrás”, “the opposite of behind.” |
| Carlos: Does that makes sense? |
| Dylan: Well, I did think of a related word for this one of your opposite pairs. |
| Carlos: But you just did right. “Frente”, “front”, “atrás”, “back”. |
| Dylan: Exactly, now moving right along with “batir”. |
| Carlos: “Batir”. |
| Dylan: Now this verb means “to beat”, but in this case eggs. |
| Carlos: Did you know they just release information that eggs aren’t really bad for you, like in terms of cholesterol. |
| Dylan: Interesting Carlos. |
| Carlos: Wow. Ok, a little sarcasm. And I thought this was relevant. |
| Dylan: More relevant is how it was used in the conversation. |
| Carlos: “Voy a batir los huevos”. |
| Dylan: “I’m going to beat the eggs.” |
| Carlos: And how you like your eggs Dylan? |
| Dylan: Over-easy. |
| Carlos: Over-easy. |
| Dylan: Yup. |
| Carlos: I’m not an over-easy person. See some people prefer to use a whisk to beat their eggs. Me? “Yo bato los huevos con un tenedor”. “I beat the eggs with a fork.” |
| Dylan: So I assume your favorite kind of eggs are scrambled. |
| Carlos: I would be lying if I said no. |
| Dylan: You may have heard of this appliance which is our related word. |
| Carlos: And what is it? |
| Dylan: “Batidora”. |
| Carlos: I need some more kitchen appliances. So what is that a mixer or a beater? |
| Dylan: No, it’s a blender. |
| Carlos: A blender. |
| Dylan: “Batidora”. |
| Carlos: I do need more kitchen appliances. |
| Dylan: “¿Tiene un cucharón?” |
| Carlos: “A ladle”? As a matter of fact I do. |
| Dylan: Well, that is our next word. A masculine noun. |
| Carlos: The thing is I have a ladle, but that I use, but it’s metal and it scratches up my pans. |
| Dylan: Carlos, have to step it up and buy better cookery. |
| Carlos: I’ll get around to it but, you know, I don’t make a lot of money. |
| Dylan: Yeah, well… Santiago is looking for everything. His kitchen must be a mess. He’s also asking Laura, “¿y el cucharón?”. |
| Carlos: And the ladle? |
| Dylan: I did find the definition for this one. “Cucharón: cazo con mango o cuchara grande que sirve para repartir ciertos alimentos en la mesa y para ciertos usos culinarios”. |
| Carlos: You know I think I know some related words. “Cuchara”, “spoon”. “Cuchillo”, “knife”. “Tenedor”, “fork”. |
| Dylan: Wow, that’s a lot on their plate. |
| Carlos: Yes. On the “plato”. |
| Dylan: Last, but not least, we have “horno”. |
| Carlos: A masculine noun that means... |
| Dylan: “Oven.” |
| Carlos: You know Dylan, “tengo un horno eléctrico”. |
| Dylan: Do you like that better? |
| Carlos: Well, I thought I did until I got my electric bill. |
| Dylan: True, Laura is stressed out until Santiago tells her “ya está en el horno”. |
| Carlos: “It’s already in the oven.” I’ve been there. That is a very stressful situation. |
| Dylan: And we can define “horno: aparato culinario cerrado en cuyo interior se asan, calientan o gratinan alimentos”. |
| Carlos: You know what else I also learnt when I was buying my oven. A related word. I had no idea that “cocina” not only meant ”kitchen” but also “stove” or “oven.” |
| Dylan: You learn something new every day! |
| Carlos: I try. |
| Dylan: Carlos, we’re going to pick up where you left off with Natalia. |
| Carlos: I’m ready. |
| Dylan: You guys were studying adverbs, right? |
| Carlos: Yes, and I’ll save you the trouble of asking. Adverbs in Spanish are invariable meaning they do not show number of gender. |
| Dylan: Yes, covered that well, and their function? |
| Carlos: Well, their function is to modify the meaning of verbs and the meaning of adjectives, and the meaning of other verbs. |
| Dylan: Don’t forget the categories! |
| Carlos: I’m not adverbs of time, place, manner, quantity, affirmation, negation, doubt, exclusion, inclusion and interrogation. Last time we went through adverbs of place. Which category are we focusing on today? |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Dylan: Adverbs of time. Let’s take a look at some. |
| Carlos: Ok. |
| Dylan: “Ahora”. |
| Carlos: “Now.” |
| Dylan: “Antaño”. |
| Carlos: “Long ago.” |
| Dylan: “Anteayer”. |
| Carlos: “The day before yesterday.” |
| Dylan: “Antes”. |
| Carlos: “Before.” |
| Dylan: “Aún”. |
| Carlos: “Still”, “yet.” |
| Dylan: “Ayer”. |
| Carlos: “Yesterday.” |
| Dylan: “Cuando”. |
| Carlos: “When.” |
| Dylan: “Después”. |
| Carlos: “After.” |
| Dylan: “Entonces”. |
| Carlos: “Then.” |
| Dylan: “Hoy”. |
| Carlos: “Today.” |
| Dylan: “Jamás”. |
| Carlos: “Never.” |
| Dylan: “Luego”. |
| Carlos: “Soon.” |
| Dylan: “Mañana”. |
| Carlos: “Tomorrow.” |
| Dylan: “Mientras”. |
| Carlos: “While.” |
| Dylan: “Nunca” |
| Carlos: “Never.” |
| Dylan: “Siempre”. |
| Carlos: “Always.” |
| Dylan: “Pronto”. |
| Carlos: “Soon.” |
| Dylan: “Despacio”. |
| Carlos: “Slowly.” |
| Dylan: “Tarde” |
| Carlos: “Late.” |
| Dylan: “Temprano”. |
| Carlos: “Early.” |
| Dylan: “Todavía”. |
| Carlos: “Still”, “yet.” |
| Dylan: “Ya”. |
| Carlos: “Already”, “by now.” |
| Dylan: Alright, well let’s take a couple from that list and make some sample sentences. |
| Carlos: Ok. |
| Dylan: Pick one. |
| Carlos: “Aún”. |
| Dylan: “Aún estamos en Bogotá”. |
| Carlos: “We are still in Bogota.” How about “nunca”? |
| Dylan: “Nunca le habías llamado”. |
| Carlos: “You have never called him.” And “cuando”? |
| Dylan: “Me gusta viajar de vez en cuando”. |
| Carlos: “I like to travel from time to time.” And one more “ahora”. |
| Dylan: “De ahora en adelante no hablaremos inglés”. |
| Carlos: “From now on we will not speak English.” |
| Dylan: Ok, we have gone over adverbial locutions. |
| Carlos: Yes. Adverbial locutions are simply particular phrasal expressions that use adverbs. We have some examples. |
| Dylan: “De ahora en adelante”. |
| Carlos: “From now on.” |
| Dylan: “Al anochecer”. |
| Carlos: “At nightfall.” |
| Dylan: “De día”. |
| Carlos: “In the day.” |
| Dylan: “De la noche a la mañana”. |
| Carlos: “Overnight.” |
| Dylan: “De la tarde”. |
| Carlos: “In the afternoon.” |
| Dylan: “De la mañana”. |
| Carlos: “In the morning.” |
| Dylan: “De noche”. |
| Carlos: “At night.” |
| Dylan: “De vez en cuando”. |
| Carlos: “From time to time.” |
| Dylan: “En fin”. |
| Carlos: “At last.” |
| Dylan: “Pasado mañana”. |
| Carlos: “The day after tomorrow.” |
| Dylan: “Por ahora”. |
| Carlos: “For now.” |
| Dylan: “Por último”. |
| Carlos: “Finally.” |
| Dylan: So what do you think? Adverbs of time. |
| Carlos: It was time I got an explanation of those. |
| Dylan: Very funny, Carlos. |
Outro |
| Carlos: Yeah, yeah , yeah. Well that just about does it for today, Dylan. Carlos: Ok. “¡Nos vemos!” |
| Dylan: Chao! ¡Gracias! |
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