Learn about forming adverbs
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Natalia: Buenos días, soy Natalia. |
| Carlos: What’s going on? My name is Carlos. “Then why didn’t you call me?” What’s going on pod101world? My name is Carlos and with me as always… |
| Natalia: Natalia, Carlos. Natalia. |
| Carlos: Just Natalia. |
| Natalia: Me, yes, I’m here. |
| Carlos: She’s always here. |
| Natalia: Don’t be dramatic about it. |
| Carlos: I’m not. |
| Natalia: Okay, okay, okay. |
| Carlos: Well, listen Naty. I had a crazy, crazy weekend. |
| Natalia: Why? |
| Carlos: I went to Golfito which for those of you who don’t know it’s a town near the Costa Rican and Panamanian border. |
| Natalia: The duty free zone. |
| Carlos: Yes. And for those of you who don’t know, electronics in Costa Rica are very expensive. |
| Natalia: What is it like almost double, right? |
| Carlos: Actually to tell you the truth, I went to a store today and saw the same refrigerator that I bought for six hundred dollars. |
| Natalia: And how much did you buy the fridge for? |
| Carlos: Well, a lot less. |
| Natalia: Okay, but if you don’t tell me then we don’t know how much it is. |
| Carlos: It’s a lot less. |
| Natalia: Yes, but then a lot less we can’t say like “oh my God that’s a lot less!” |
| Carlos: I paid three hundred and fifty dollars for it. |
| Natalia: What! You paid like half. That’s insane. Carlos, you know you also can order stuff here and get it delivered to San José. Like if you go over there you order the stuff and get it delivered to San José. |
| Carlos: That’s what I did but do you mean like can I order it from San José and get it delivered? |
| Natalia: Yes! |
| Carlos: I should have asked you about that. |
| Natalia: You should have asked, but you see you never trust my words. |
| Carlos: That was hindsight twenty-twenty, Naty. |
| Natalia: Carlos, so what did you get very quickly, slowly or did you get lost on the way, did you get stranded by people like kidnapped and… |
| Carlos: Naty, are we studying adverbs today? |
| Natalia: Huh? No, but tell me like I don’t know why would you say that? |
| Carlos: Oh I don’t know, quickly, slowly. |
| Natalia: Is it that obvious? |
| Carlos: Kind of. |
| Natalia: Well, you know what? Our audience knows what we are studying and the way I kind of cut you in a very decent nice manner as everything I do. |
| Carlos: In that case, let’s get into today’s conversation. |
| Natalia: Now, now would be the time to open up the lesson guide in your pdf reader. |
| DIALOGUE |
| DANIEL: Escúcheme, Fátima, la entendí mal. Yo pensaba que no teníamos nada en concreto. |
| FATIMA: Es que usted me dejó un mensaje que decía “ya nos vemos a las dos". Entonces esperaba verlo. |
| DANIEL: ¿Qué? Yo había entendido que a las doce y que le iba a llamar, no recoger. |
| FATIMA: O sea, usted quiere decir que hubo un malentendido. |
| DANIEL: Precisamente. |
| FATIMA: ¿Precisamente? |
| DANIEL: Sí. No me dejé entender. Lo siento. |
| FATIMA: Entonces, ¿por qué no me llamó? |
| DANIEL: Listen to me, Fatima, I misunderstood you. I thought that we did not have anything set in stone. |
| FATIMA: The thing is that you left a message that said 'see at at two'. So, I expected to see you. |
| DANIEL: What? I had understood that at twelve I was going to call you, not pick you up. |
| FATIMA: Then you mean to say there was a misunderstanding. |
| DANIEL: Precisely. |
| FATIMA: Precisely? |
| DANIEL: Yes. I did not make myself clear. I am sorry. |
| FATIMA: Then, why didn't you call me? |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Carlos: Wow, I don’t know, do you believe Daniel? |
| Natalia: No, I get so annoyed that’s the easiest way out like “Oh my God what a misunderstanding!” |
| Carlos: So you don’t believe him? |
| Natalia: It’s the best excuse. I obviously don’t. That’s a big excuse. |
| Carlos: Okay, I’ve got to say, I believe him a little bit, but yes I see why I mean you know signals are not that easy you know. If I leave you a message, Naty, not that you ever leave me a voice message or I leave you one but if I had I’d be nervous that what I said wasn’t understood. |
| Natalia: Well, that’s why you have a little button that you can press and you can hear what you recorded. |
| Carlos: Really? |
| Natalia: Carlos, you don’t even know how to use the voice messages? |
| Carlos: I never leave one! I don’t know. |
| Natalia: Okay, poor men. You know what let’s go on. |
| Carlos: Okay, since you want to go on, we’ve gone through the conversation. Naty, let’s go through our vocab. |
| Natalia: Sounds good, Carlos. |
| Carlos: Okay, so let’s move to the vocabulary section of today’s pdf lesson guide. Now we are going to start with a verb. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Natalia: “Entender”. |
| Carlos: “To understand.” |
| Natalia: “En-ten-der”, “entender”. |
| Carlos: Then we have a masculine noun. |
| Natalia: “Concreto”. |
| Carlos: “Concrete.” |
| Natalia: “Con-cre-to”, “concreto”. |
| Carlos: And then we have a masculine noun. |
| Natalia: “Mensaje”. |
| Carlos: “Message.” |
| Natalia: “Men-sa-je”, “mensaje”. |
| Carlos: Alright, next up we have another masculine noun. |
| Natalia: “Malentendido”. |
| Carlos: “Misunderstanding.” |
| Natalia: “Mal-en-ten-di-do”, “malentendido”. |
| Carlos: Now we have an adverb. |
| Natalia: “Precisamente”. |
| Carlos: “Precisely.” |
| Natalia: “Pre-ci-sa-men-te”, “precisamente”. |
| Carlos: Last but not least, a verbal phrase. |
| Natalia: “Dejarse entender”. |
| Carlos: “To make oneself clear.” |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Natalia: “De-jar-se en-ten-der”, “dejarse entender”. This should be interesting. |
| Carlos: Why? |
| Natalia: Because I’m going to make you say all those words. |
| Carlos: Okay. |
| Natalia: Go for it. |
| Carlos: “Entender”, “concreto”, “mensaje”, “malentendido”, “precisamente”, “dejarse entender”. |
| Natalia: Almost. |
| Carlos: Which do I need to work on? |
| Natalia: Carlos, no it’s kind of easy isn’t it, because some of these words you can see them. “Mensaje”. |
| Carlos: “Mensaje”, yes. But I wouldn’t include “concreto”. Pero “precisamente” I would never think precisely. |
| Natalia: Really? |
| Carlos: No and “dejarse entender”, no. Okay now, it’s time to put some of these words to the test. |
| Natalia: Don’t you mean now it’s time for you to show me and the Spanishpod101.com audience how to use the vocabulary? |
| Carlos: Oh, that too. |
| Natalia: Bueno, entonces primero estudiaremos un verbo muy común, “entender”, |
| Carlos: Ah yes. “Entender”, “to understand.” A verb I use all the time. |
| Natalia: ¿Cómo lo usas? How do you use it? |
| Carlos: Lo uso así, “no entendí”, “I didn’t understand.” |
| Natalia: Well, you say that a lot. |
| Carlos: I do? |
| Natalia: But you are using that less aren’t you? |
| Carlos: I am but I use it a lot, Naty, only for a language though I really don’t understand it a lot of times. |
| Natalia: Well, you see in the combo we had “te entendí mal”, literally “I understood you poorly” but really “I misunderstood you.” |
| Carlos: Wait, but what about the verb “malentender”? |
| Natalia: Well, I didn’t expect you to bring that out. |
| Carlos: Sorpresa. |
| Natalia: Well, Carlos, you know the verb “malentender” does exist. So technically you could say “te malentendí” and it would mean the same thing. |
| Carlos: Bueno, “entiendo”, “I understand.” |
| Natalia: Good. Okay, next up we have a really easy one, “concreto”. |
| Carlos: “Concrete.” |
| Natalia: En la conversación de hoy escuchamos que la frase “en concreto” significa “set in stone”, o sea, “confirmado”, “confirmed”. |
| Carlos: Okay wait, “concrete”, “set in stone”. Naty, that makes sense. |
| Natalia: También existe el verbo “concretar”, que significa “hacer concreto”, o sea, “confirmar”. |
| Carlos: “Confirmar”, “to confirm.” |
| Natalia: Now when I know you know, “mensaje”. |
| Carlos: “Mensaje”, masculine noun, “message.” Like “un mensaje de texto”. |
| Natalia: Yes, a text message and “un mensaje de voz”, the ones that Carlos can’t use. |
| Carlos: “Voice message.” A Natalia le gusta enviar mensajes de texto. |
| Natalia: ¿Y qué? |
| Carlos: I’m not making a judgement, just using an example. |
| Natalia: You know what? Here would be a perfect example for “malentendido”. |
| Carlos: Right, that would be the past participle of the verb “malentender”, no? |
| Natalia: Yes, but here it has the value of the masculine noun, el sustantivo masculino, “un malentendido”. |
| Carlos: “A misunderstanding.” |
| Natalia: Remember we have to associate it with the word “mal” not just the meanings of [*] but also those of mistake. |
| Carlos: For example... |
| Natalia: Por ejemplo, something that is “mal dicho” is setting correctly then that is “mal puesto” is put in the wrong place. |
| Carlos: Precisamente. |
| Natalia: Precisely, I would like to hear you saying these on a daily basis all these words. |
| Carlos: Yes because, but then afraid I do she’s going to know that I know more than I say I know and then she’s going to start |
| Natalia: You know something, he’s reading the conversations, he’s reading the verbs I want to see if after you walk out you remember all this. “Precisamente”, “precisely.” Here we have an adverb of manner formed from the adjective “preciso”, “precise”, and a related feminine noun “precisión”, “precision.” |
| Carlos: “Es precisamente preciso tener precisión”. |
| Natalia: “It’s precisely precise to have precision.” “Es precisamente preciso tener precisión”. Say it five times fast. |
| Carlos: I couldn’t say it one time slowly. |
| Natalia: Go fast! |
| Carlos: “Es precisamente preciso tener precisión”. |
| Natalia: Go faster, faster. |
| Carlos: “Es precisamente preciso tener precisión”. Okay, me dejo entender. |
| Natalia: Muy pocas veces, like very rarely. |
| Carlos: I’m using an example for the next phrase, “dejarse entender”, “to make oneself clear.” |
| Natalia: It actually means “to let oneself be understood.” Did you just ask, “¿me dejo entender?”. Which means… |
| Carlos: “Do I make myself clear?” |
| Natalia: As we saw in today’s combo, “no me dejé entender”. |
| Carlos: “I didn’t make myself clear.” I try to make myself clear all the time. But you know Naty, working with me. |
| Natalia: Carlos when you’re trying to speak Spanish with someone and they don’t understand you what do you do? |
| Carlos: Try my best to talk really slowly. |
| Natalia: I thought you kind of walked back slowly. |
| Carlos: No, I try my best to walk slowly and then I call you Naty and say can you say this to this person? |
| Natalia: Okay Carlos, but you know what I like really, the best way to get out of the jam is to never getting one and in order to do this we need to study grammar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Carlos: That is your answer to a lot of things. |
| Natalia: Bueno es la verdad. |
| Carlos: So then, grammar muse. |
| Natalia: I like them. Well, today we are looking at “la formación de los adverbios”, “the formation of adverbs.” |
| Carlos: Wait, you mean those things that modify adjectives, verbs and other adverbial phrases? |
| Natalia: That would pretty much be them. |
| Carlos: Okay then Naty, then how do we form adverbs in Spanish? |
| Natalia: Okay, adverbs might be formed in Spanish by adding the ending “-mente” to the feminine form of practically any adjective. It’s pretty simple. |
| Carlos: Any adjective you say? |
| Natalia: Any feminine adjective. |
| Carlos: How about some examples? |
| Natalia: Okay, give me an adjective. |
| Carlos: “Rápido”. |
| Natalia: “Rápido”. |
| Carlos: “Rapid.” |
| Natalia: That would be “rápida” in the feminine. So Carlos, what would it become? |
| Carlos: That would become “rápidamente”. “Rapidly quickly.” |
| Natalia: You see how easy, you just put “-mente” at the end. So let’s try another one and then you are on your own. |
| Carlos: Okay, here you go, “lento”. “Slow.” |
| Natalia: In the feminine that would be “lenta”. |
| Carlos: And that becomes “lentamente”, “slowly.” |
| Natalia: Okay, now you do all of it, “estúpido”. |
| Carlos: “Stupid.” So we have “estúpida”, “stupid”, and then we get “estúpidamente”. |
| Natalia: Okay, “estúpidamente”, like the thing you were doing with the precisely. Anyways so, okay I’m going to give you one that it might be a little confusing. |
| Carlos: Okay. |
| Natalia: “Feliz”. |
| Carlos: “Happy.” Okay yes, there isn’t a feminine form so it’s “feliz” for either gender and becomes “felizmente”. |
| Natalia: Okay, well that’s a good catch but do you think we can find another example with one form of the adjective? |
| Carlos: “Fácil”, “easy.” |
| Natalia: What does it become? |
| Carlos: “Fácilmente”, “easily.” Now I notice that the pronunciation doesn’t change that much and I know how much of a stickler you are for those accents. |
| Natalia: Well Carlos, I’m not a stickler that is what you are going to talk you might as well, anyway Carlos, in the adjective it has a written accent, the adverb retains it. For example, in the adverb “fácilmente” there is an accent on the “a” and since the adjective “fácil”, there is also an accent on the “a”, the same goes for “rápidamente” from “rápida”. |
| Carlos: Okay. |
| Natalia: Adverbial phrases are very common in Spanish and often become necessary of the ending “-mente” with adjective forms of a compound that is degradable in the Spanish year. |
| Carlos: Like? |
| Natalia: “Cumplió su trabajo prudentemente”. |
| Carlos: That does sound kind of strange. |
| Natalia: So you see, it’s not that difficult. It would just be more common to say “cumplió su trabajo de una manera prudente”. “He finished his job in a prudent way” or "lo cumplió con prudencia", “he finished it with prudence.” |
| Carlos: How about another example, Natalia? For good measure. |
| Natalia: “Aprobó fácilmente el examen”, “he easily passed the exam” or “aprobó el examen con facilidad”, “he passed the exam with ease.” |
| Carlos: I think that measured up. |
| Natalia: Alright, so here’s today’s assignment. I’m going to give you five adjectives then what you have to do is form adverbs out of them using the ending “-mente”. Just like within today’s grammar point. Are you ready? Number one, “riguroso”. Number two, “cariñoso”. Number three, “suave”. Number four, “atento”. Number five, “abierto”. |
| Carlos: Okay, now remember, you can always check out the answers with comments on the answers in the premium audio track called “tarea”, “homework.” |
Outro |
| Naty! We did it. We got the lesson done. Yes, yes, yes. |
| Natalia: Time flies. |
| Carlos: It does. |
| Natalia: I know. Time flies |
| Carlos: Well time flies if you’ve been having fun. |
| Natalia: I hear a clock ticking, tick tock, tick tock…. |
| Carlos: I’m sorry that’s my watch I’ve got to …. |
| Natalia: Don’t be dumb! Anyway, let’s go. |
| Carlos: Okay, she told me it wasn’t mine, later. |
| Natalia: Chao! |
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